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法律のアドバンス校正サンプル
ブラジルでは、特許出願手続を開始するにあたって、国立工業所有権院（ポルトガル語の略称、INPI）に出願書類を提出するが、これには、少なくとも願書、明細書、クレーム範囲、要約書および出願手数料の納付証明書を提出する必要がある。これらの要件を満たさない場合、INPIは方式に関する審査官の通知を発行することになる。出願人は30日以内にこれに回答しなければならない。通知に回答しなかった場合、出願が無効で取り下げられたものとみなされる。
ブラジルの知的財産法によれば、提出された特許出願は、出願日から18カ月が経過した後、審査未了の特許出願の公開において公開することができる。しかしながら、INPIが抱えている特許出願のバックログ（未処理分）が多いことを考慮すると、特許出願は約２～３年後に公開されるのが一般的である。審査未了の特許出願の公開日から審査終了までの期間において、第三者および出願人は、審査を支援するための意見を提出することができる。
出願人は、出願日から36か月以内に、出願の審査請求を提出しなければならない。36ヶ月以内に審査請求を提出しなかった場合、出願が取り下げられたとみなされる。ただし、出願人は、取下日から60日以内に所定の手数料を納付することにより、取り下げられた出願を回復することができる。出願人がこの期限に従わなかった場合には、出願が取り下げられたことが確認されます。
さらに、出願人は、提出した出願の内容を明瞭にするためまたは明確にするために、審査請求書を提出する時までに、明細書およびクレーム範囲の案について補正を提出することができる。それにもかかわらず、いずれの補正についても、出願時に最初に開示された内容の補正に限定されるべきである。審査請求が提出された後は、出願人の任意の決定または審査官の通知のいずれかによる補正において、その補正によってクレームに記載された対象の保護範囲が変更されるか拡大される可能性がある場合は、そのような補正も受け入れられない。この点で、クレームに記載された対象を制限する補正のみが受け入れられる。
審査期間中、審査官による通知と拒絶理由についての最終以前の通知の２種類の公式通知が発行される。出願人は、審査未了の特許出願の公表日から90日以内に、これらの通知に回答しなければならない。
簡単に言えば、審査官の通知は、明瞭性要件の違反や支持要件の違反などの正式要件で概ね構成されている。拒絶理由についての最終以前の通知の場合、出願が拒絶されることがある。これは新規性や発明の欠如など、特許性の要件に違反したために発生することが一般的である。発行可能な公式通知の数に制限はない。INPIは、審査未了の特許出願の公開において、特許を付与するか拒絶するかの決定を発表し、これによって審査プロセスを終了させる。
The procedure for apatent application in Brazil is initiated by filing an application form with INPI, in which at least an application form, draft of descriptions, scope of claims, abstract and proof of payment of the application fee must be submitted. Failure to fulfill these requirements will cause INPI to issue a notification by an examiner in relation to formality, to which the applicant must respond within 30 days. If the applicant fails to respond to the notification, the application will be deemed withdrawal.
According to the IP Code in Brazil, a filed patent application is publicized in the publication of unexamined patent applications after 18 months from the date of application. However, with a consideration of a high volume of the backlog retained in INPI, a filed patent application is typically publicized after approximately two to three years from the date of application. During the period from the date of the publication of unexamined patent applications until the end of examination, any third party and the applicant (for the purpose of assisting the examination) are allowed to submit their opinions.
An applicant is required to file a request for examination of the application within 36 months from the date of application. Failure to file a request for examination within 36 months will be deemed withdrawal of the application. However, an applicant is allowed to recover the withdrawn application by paying a predetermined fee within 60 days from the date of the withdrawal. Even so, if an applicant still fails to comply with the time limit, the application will be confirmed withdrawn.
According to the IP Code in Brazil, an applicant is given an opportunity to submit amendments to the draft of descriptions and scope of claims by the time when the applicant files a request for examination, in order to clarify or define the contents of filed application. However, any amendment should be restricted to the amendment of the contents first disclosed at the time of filing an application. After a request for examination has been filed, any amendment, either by an applicant’s spontaneous decision or by a notification by an examiner, is not acceptable if the amendment could change or expand the claimed scope of protection. In this sense, the only amendment limiting claimed subject matter may possibly be accepted.
During the period of examiation, two types of official notifications, i.e. notification by an examiner and non-final notification of reasons for refusal will be issued. The applicant is required to respond to these notifications within 90 days from the date of publication of unexamined patent applications.
To put it simply, notifications by an examiner are generally composed of formality requirements such as a violation of requirements of clarity or a violation of support requirements. In a case of a non-final notification of reasons for refusal, an application may be rejected typically due to a violation of the requirements of patentability such as lack of novely and inventive step. No limit is stipulated in the number of issuable official notifications. INPI announces its decision to grant or refuse a patent in the publication of unexamined patent applications thus ending the process of examination.
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During the examination period of examiation, two types of official notifications will be issued, i.e., notification by an examiner and non-final notification of reasons for refusal will be issued. The applicant is required tomust respond to these notifications within 90 days from the date of publication of unexamined patent applications.
To put it simplyIn simple terms, an examiner's notifications by an examiner are generally composed ofcomprises formality requirements such as a violation of requirements of clarity or a violation of support requirements. In a case of If there is a non-final notification of reasons for refusal, an application may be rejected. This typically occurs due toif a violation of the requirements of patentability such as lack of novelty and inventive stepinvention are violated8 . No limit is stipulated in the number of issuable official notifications. INPI announces its decision to grant or refuse a patent in the publication of unexamined patent applications, thus thereby ending the examination process of examination.
- A substantive edit ensures that the sentence structure is made concise and formal while maintaining the author�s meaning.
- Grammatical accuracy in verb and noun usage should be accurate in academic writing.
- This instance has been revised to clearly convey that �backlog� refers to patent applications.
- In a range, the en-dash is used in place of a hyphen.
- The information in the bracket has been moved outside as it is important to the text.
- Formal writing should be free of redundancy and repetition. The focus of the document is on Brazilian IP Code and hence it is implied that all the conditions mentioned are of Brazil. This information has been deleted to eliminate redundancy.
- The purpose of an action should be mentioned clearly. Hence, the purpose of enabling clarification has been mentioned as a separate sentence.
- Academic writing should not contain lengthy and wordy sentences as they can hamper clarity. The sentence has been divided into two to introduce clarity and better formal expression.
In Brazil, the procedure for a patent application is initiated by filing an application form with the National Institute of Industrial Property (Portugese abbreviation: INPI), involving the submission of at least an application form, draft of descriptions, scope of claims, abstract, and proof of the application fee payment. If these requirements are not fulfilled, INPI issues a notification by an examiner in relation to formality; the applicant must respond to this within 30 days. Failure to respond to the notification leads to the application being deemed invalid and withdrawn.
According to the Brazilian IP Code, a filed patent application may be publicized in the publication of unexamined patent applications after 18 months from the application date. However, considering the high volume of the backlog of patent applications retained by the INPI, this typically takes approximately 2–3 years. During the period from the date of the publication of unexamined patent applications until the end of examination, any third parties and the applicant may submit their opinions for assisting the examination.
An applicant must file a request for examination of the application within 36 months from the application date; otherwise, the application will be withdrawn. However, an applicant can recover the withdrawn application by paying a predetermined fee within 60 days of the withdrawal date. If the applicant fails to comply with this time limit as well, the application will be confirmed as withdrawn.
Further, an applicant may be allowed to submit amendments to the draft of descriptions and scope of claims by the time he/she files a request for examination. This enables clarification or refining of the contents of the filed application. Nevertheless, any amendment should be restricted to the amendment of the contents first disclosed at the time of filing an application. After an examination request has been filed, any amendment—either by an applicant’s spontaneous decision or by an examiner’s notification—is unacceptable if the amendment could change or expand the claimed scope of protection. In this sense, only amendments limiting the claimed subject matter may be accepted.
During the examination period, two types of official notifications will be issued, i.e., notification by an examiner and non-final notification of reasons for refusal. The applicant must respond to these notifications within 90 days from the date of publication of unexamined patent applications.
In simple terms, an examiner’s notification generally comprises formal requirements such as a violation of requirements of clarity or a violation of support requirements. If there is a non-final notification of reasons for refusal, an application may be rejected. This typically occurs if the requirements of patentability such as lack of novelty and invention are violated. No limit is stipulated in the number of issuable official notifications. INPI announces its decision to grant or refuse a patent in the publication of unexamined patent applications, thereby ending the examination process.
