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血液学のアドバンス校正サンプル
塗装工は慢性的に鉛ベースの製品に曝露されており、これらの製品はヘム生合成の障害と赤血球細胞破壊の増加により貧血を引き起こす。本研究は、ブラシ塗装工における鉛曝露量と鉛の血液学的影響を評価することを目指した。
目的：ブラシ塗装工における貧血の有病率を推定し、鉛曝露を評価すること。
方法：2012年7月から2012年9月にかけて、住宅塗装を職業とするインド、マイソール市のブラシ塗装工 100 名を対象にコミュニティベースの横断研究を実施した。被験者には標準化された質問票を用いて面談を行い、主に鉛中毒の症状や個人の衛生状態に関する情報を取得した。静脈血検体を採取し、血液学的パラメーターを測定した（n = 100）。貧血のマーカーはヘモグロビン濃度であった。系統的無作為抽出により、血中鉛濃度（PbB）を推定するための30検体が選択された。
結果：被験者における貧血の有病率は3％であった。平均ヘモグロビン濃度は15.5 ± 1.4 g/dLであり、平均PbBは12.9 ± 10.9 µg/dLであった。PbBと血液学的パラメーターとの間に有意な相関は認められなかった。鉛中毒症状の罹病率は高く、その症状は衛生的な被験者よりもそれほど衛生的でない被験者でより高頻度であった。これらの塗装工のPbBは血液学的変化の閾値（>50 µg/dL）未満であった。この理由により、鉛誘発性貧血は、塗装工における健康上のリスクではない。PbBも職業上の曝露に関する推奨閾値（30μg/dL）より低かったが、鉛中毒症状の罹患率が高いことは、低曝露量であっても、鉛の長期的な健康への影響を指摘するものである。幸いなことに、衛生的であることは、塗装工の鉛曝露を軽減するにあたって、容易に達成可能なゴールである。
Painters are chronically exposed to lead based paints, which anemia by impairing heme biosynthesis and increasing the red cell destruction. The present study was conducted to assess the lead exposure and haematological effects of lead in brush painters as they are chronically exposed to lead based paints.
Objective: To estimate prevalence of anemia among brush painters and lead exposure among them. Methodology: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 occupational residential brush painters of Mysore city of India during July 2012 and September 2012. Subjects were interviewed using standardized questionnaire, mainly, for lead toxicity symptoms and personal hygiene. Venous blood samples were drawn and haematological parameters were determined (n=100). The marker of anaemia was haemoglobin concentration. Through Systematic random sampling, 30 samples were selected for blood lead concentration (PbB) estimation.
Results: The prevalence of anemia among the subjects was 3%. The mean hemoglobin concentration was 15.5±1.4 g/dL and mean blood lead concentration (PbB) was 12.9±10.9 µg/dL. There was no significant correlation found between the PbB and haematological parameters. There was a high prevalence of lead toxicity symptoms and the symptoms were more in the less hygienic subjects than the hygienic subjects. Blood lead concentration among painters is less than the threshold (PbB >50 µg/dL) for hematological alterations. Hence lead induced anaemia is not a health risk among brush painters. The PbB is also less than the recommended threshold for occupational exposure (30 µg/dL). But the high prevalence of lead toxicity symptoms indicates the long term health effects of lead even at low levels of exposure. Fortunately, being hygienic is an easily achievable goal to decrease the lead exposure among the painters.
Background: 1 Painters are chronically exposed to lead -based paintsproducts, which cause2 anemia by impairing heme biosynthesis and increasing the red blood cell destruction. The present study was conducted to
Objective: To assess the lead exposure and haematologicalhematological effects of lead among brush painters in brush painters as they are chronically exposed to lead based paints. Objective: To as well to estimate the prevalence of anemia among brush painters themand lead exposure among them. 3 .
Methodology: Community A community-based 4 cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 occupational residential brush painters of Mysore city of, India during, from July 2012 andto September 2012. Subjects were interviewed uUsing standardized questionnaire, mainly, forthe subjects were interviewed to obtain information primarily pertaining to 5 lead toxicity symptoms and personal hygiene. Venous blood samples were drawn and haematologicalhematological parameters were determined (n= = 1006 ). The marker of anaemiaanemia was haemoglobinhemoglobin concentration. Through Systematic random sampling, 30In total, 30 samples were selected forto estimate the blood lead concentration (PbB) estimation. ) through random sampling.
Results: The prevalence of anemia among the subjects was 3% among the subjects. The mean hemoglobin concentration was 15.5-1.4 g/dL and mean blood lead concentration (PbB) 7 was were 15.5 - 1.4 g/dL and 12.9 10.9 g/dL, respectively. There was no significant correlation found between the PbB and haematologicalhematological parameters. There wasThe lead toxicity symptoms had a high prevalence of lead toxicity symptoms and the symptoms were more frequent in the less hygienic subjects than in the hygienic subjectsones. Blood lead concentration PbB among these painters iswas8 less than the threshold (PbB >50 g/dL) for hematological alterations (>50 g/dL). Hence lead induced anaemia is not a health risk among brush painters. The PbB is also and less than the recommended threshold for occupational exposure (30 g/dL). But
Conclusions: Lead-induced anemia is not a health risk among brush painters9 . However, the high prevalence of lead toxicity symptoms indicates the long -term health effects of lead, even at low exposure levels of exposure. Fortunately, being hygienic is an easily achievable goal to for decrease reducing the lead exposure among the painters.
- As some journals require structured abstracts with subheadings such as Background, Materials and Methods, Results, and Conclusions. All relevant subheadings should be added in order to speed up the journal submission process. Therefore, here we have re-arranged some text to place the appropriate text under Background and Objectives.
- Here, the lead product is the causative factor for anemia therefore the noun “cause” has been added to improve the relativity.
- The sentence has been rephrased to eliminate the redundant phrase “lead exposure” and to improve the readability.
- A compound modifier contains 2 or more words, which act together as one adjective and therefore are connected by hyphens. Hyphens are used with these terms so that their meaning is understood clearly.
- An enhancer phrase has been added to aid in better readability and clarity
- As per the formatting rules, spaces are inserted before and after the arithmetic symbols.
- Abbreviations are usually spelt out once at their first mention in the text, and the abbreviated form is used consistently thereafter. Accordingly, since PbB has already been defined above as “blood lead concentration,” only the abbreviation has been used at this instance.
- Here the edit has been made as in academic writing, the simple past tense is usually used to describe the findings of the study, while the present tense is used to state conclusions/already established facts.
- The sentence has been restructured to introduce specificity and more clarity.
Background: Painters are chronically exposed to lead-based products, which cause anemia by impairing heme biosynthesis and increasing red blood cell destruction.
Objective: To assess lead exposure and hematological effects of lead among brush painters as well to estimate the prevalence of anemia among them.
Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 occupational residential brush painters of Mysore, India, from July 2012 to September 2012. Using standardized questionnaire, the subjects were interviewed to obtain information primarily pertaining to lead toxicity symptoms and personal hygiene. Venous blood samples were drawn and hematological parameters were determined (n = 100). The marker of anemia was hemoglobin concentration. In total, 30 samples were selected to estimate the blood lead concentration (PbB) through random sampling.
Results: The prevalence of anemia was 3% among the subjects. The mean hemoglobin concentration and PbB were 15.5 ± 1.4 g/dL and 12.9 ± 10.9 µg/dL, respectively. There was no significant correlation between PbB and hematological parameters. The lead toxicity symptoms had a high prevalence and were more frequent in the less hygienic subjects than in the hygienic ones. PbB among these painters was less than the threshold for hematological alterations (>50 µg/dL) and less than the recommended threshold for occupational exposure (30 µg/dL).
Conclusions: Lead-induced anemia is not a health risk among brush painters. However, the high prevalence of lead toxicity symptoms indicates the long-term health effects of lead, even at low exposure levels. Fortunately, being hygienic is an easily achievable goal for reducing lead exposure among painters.
